Shapie M. N. M. (1,2) & Wateh. N (1)

Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

Pertubuhan Seni Gayung Fatani Malaysia

Abstract

Pencak silat is a part of martial arts. Pencak silat movement have certain elements in accordance with the purpose limitatiom of motion and efforts to meet the physical function and spiritual. The purpose of this study is to notational analysis of the contestant’s actions and outcomes in sea games. The material that has been to observe this study are media player classic (MPC) and kinovea. Pencak silat are the fastest games to observe. So, the observer needs to reduce the motion.in pencak silat, the contestants need to exercise more on their leg. They need more exercise in their lower body and upper body.

Introduction

Pencak Silat extensively depicts a type of indigenous combative technique that starts from parts of Southeast Asia. Pencak is the performance parts of the martial arts, while Silat is simply the fighting and self-defence. Even the pencak silat are part of the martial art, that does not known as a violence martial art. The word silat means a kind of sport or game, which consists of quick movements in attacking and defending (Anuar, 1987). Silat olahraga is a sport that existed in the midst of development of thousands of silat schools in Archipelago (Anuar, 1993). “Pencak silat” as self-defense has always existed since human beings had to fight with each other and with wild animals in order to survive. At that time, people who were strong and skilled in fighting could attain a privileged position in society, and could become heads of clans or army commanders. The purpose of this study is to identify the frequency of the action and outcomes of the games with doing the notational analysis using a chosen method.

Material and method

Silat exponent’s motions were coded into 13 different types of categories and were defined as follow :

a Match analysis

The video of the Pencak Silat tanding Sea Games 2015 were taken form Youtube and had been analysis using the Media Player Classic (MPC), Kinovea and the Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS). This was women’s category which is Class C for 55kg and the Class C for 60kg.

Motion categories

i. Kick

The kick “tendang ” is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two leg simultaneously. Kick action are always performed in pencak silat (Mohamed Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013)

ii. Punch

The punch “tumbuk” attack is done by a hand with closed fist hitting the target.

iii. Topple

There are various ways of toppling down the opponents. For example, the exponents can either shove or push the opponents until the opponents are down.

(Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013)

iv. Sweep

Sweeping techniques can be done when the opponent are not ready to make him easier to bring to the ground. The sweep must be done on the ground and bring the opponent to the ground

v. Block

The blocking movements begin with the posture position “sikap pasang”. The exponent stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying “tangkisan” can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back at any attack

vi. Catch

The catch “tangkapan” is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The Silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the Silat exponents (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013)

vii. Self-release

Self-release “lepas tangkapan” technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent.

viii. Dodge

the dodge “elakan” technique is carried out by silent Silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique does not require the Silat exponent to touch the opponents in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as dodging “gelek” retreat “mundur”, evasion “lonjak”, ducking “susup” and many more.(Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013)

ix. Block and Punch

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent.(Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013)

x. Block and Kick

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent.

xi. Block and Sweep

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent.

xii. Fake Kick

An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture.

xiii. Fake Punch

An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture. (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013)

Statistical Analysis

The observation were made manually and the results is been recorded using the SPSS. All the data that had been taken are generated by the SPSS version 21. The motion analysis for the pencak silat also had been used the Kinoves software to analysis each of the techniques or the action that been observe, for example the blocking and sweeping. When used the Kinovea, the researcher can reduce the time and it will be a slow motion or can convert from video to fram

Result

Pencak silat tanding women’s Class C (Indonesia vs Singapore)

Table 1 show the frequency of an actions and outcomes recorded during a silat match.

Action	Indonesia (Win)				Singapore (Lose)				Total
Action	HE	HT	MO	NA	HE	HT	MO	NA	Total
Block				1					1
Block & punch
Block & Kick
Block & sweep
kick	17	5			22	4		1	49
Fake kick
Punch					3	4			7
Fake punch		1		5		2		1	9
Self-release
Topple		1							1
Sweep	7	1	1						9
Catch		2				5			7
Dodge
Total	24	10	1	6	25	15		2	83

_{HE=Hit Elsewhere HT=Hit Target MO=Miss Opponent NA=Not Available}

Table 2 show the frequency profile of the 2 contestants

Exponent	Kick	Punch	Topple	Sweep	Total
Blue (INA)	22		1	9	32
Red (SIN)	27				27
Total	49		1	9	59

Table 3 show the mean each team

Exponent	mean
Blue (INA)	(22 + 1 + 9 )/4 = 8
Red (SIN)	27/4 = 6.75

B) Pencak silat tanding women’s class C (Indonesia vs Philippine)

Table 4 show the frequency of an action and outcomes recorded during a silat match.

Action	Indonesia (Win)				Philippine (Lose)				Total
Action	HE	HT	MO	NA	HE	HT	MO	NA	Total
Block		5				2			7
Block & punch
Block & Kick
Block & sweep
kick	21	13		5	27	8		5	79
Fake kick								1	1
Punch		3			1	6			10
Fake punch						1		6	7
Self-release						2			2
Topple		1							1
Sweep	2	1	2						5
Catch	2				1				3
Dodge
Total	25	23	2	5	29	19		12	115

Table 5 show the frequency profile of 2 contestants

Exponent	Kick	Punch	Topple	Sweep	Total
Blue (INA)	39	3	2	5	49
Red (PHI)	40	7			47
Total	79	10	2	5

Table 6 show the mean each team

Exponent	mean
Blue (INA)	(39 + 3 + 2 + 5) / 4 =12.25
Red	(40 + 7) / 4 = 11.75

C) Pencak silat tanding women’s class C (Indonesia vs Vietnam)

Table 7 shows the frequency of an action and outcome recorded during a silat match.

Action	Indonesia (Lose)				Vietnam (Win)				Total
Action	HE	HT	MO	NA	HE	HT	MO	NA	Total
Block
Block & punch
Block & Kick
Block & sweep
kick	28	6	2	1	8	8	1		54
Fake kick	1
Punch
Fake punch
Self-release		2							2
Topple						3			3
Sweep	1	1	3		7		1		13
Catch		1			1	4			6
Dodge	1				3				4
Total	31	10	5	1	19	15	2		82

Table 8 show the frequency profile of 2 contestants

Exponent	Kick	Punch	Topple	Sweep	Total
Blue (INA)	37			5	42
Red (VIE)	17		3	8	28
Total	54		3	13	70

Table 9 show the mean of each team.

Exponent	mean
Blue (INA)	(37 + 5) / 4 = 10.5
Red (VIE)	(17+ 3 + 8) / = 7

D) Pencak silat tanding women’s Class D (Indonesia vs Philippine )

Table 10 shows the frequency of an action and outcome recorded during a silat match

Action	Indonesia (Win)				Philippine (Lose)				Total
Action	HE	HT	MO	NA	HE	HT	MO	NA	Total
Block		2				3			5
Block & punch
Block & Kick
Block & sweep
kick	21	8	2		22	7	1	5	61
Fake kick
Punch	2	1	1		2	1			7
Fake punch		2				2			4
Self-release
Topple	1								1
Sweep	3	1							4
Catch		2	1			1			4
Dodge
Total	29	14	4		26	14	1	5	86

Table 11 show the frequency of profile of the 2 contestant

Exponent	Kick	Punch	Topple	Sweep	Total
Blue (INA)	31	4	1	4	40
Red (PHI)	35	3			38
Total	66	7	1	4	78

Table 12 show the mean of each team

Exponent	mean
Blue (INA)	(31 + 4 + 1 + 4) / 4 = 10
Red	(35 + 3) / 4 + 9.5

Table 13 show the overall of the action and outcomes for Team Indonesia (Class C and Class D)

Action	Indonesia				Total
Action	HE	HT	MO	NA	Total
Block		8		1	9
Block & punch
Block & Kick
Block & sweep
kick	87	32	1	6	126
Fake kick	1				1
Punch		4			4
Fake punch		3		5	8
Self-release		2			2
Topple	1	2			3
Sweep	13	4	6		23
Catch	2	5	1		8
Dodge	1				1
Total	105	60	8	12	185

Discussion

Based on the results that has been analyze, it shows that the team Indonesia were winning the match for three times (2 times for category class c and once for class d) and once lose to the exponents from Vietnam. The factor of the team Indonesia winning the match are based on the action and the outcome they were performed which are shows at table 13. They were 185 of the 105 actions performed by the exponents were classified as hit elsewhere (HE), 60 for hit target (HT), 8 for miss opponent (MO) and 12 for not available (NA). The highest action that the exponents performed is the kicking techniques which are 126 follow by the sweep action which is 23. The less action that contestant from Indonesia performed were toppling. The exponents from Indonesia should improve their skill in topple and sweep. It show that, the exponents from Indonesia were less performed the topple action. Action that they focus are more on the sweep action which is 23 than the topple action were 3.

Based on the frequency profile of 2 contestant, it show that the Team Indonesia were performed the sweep action more than the opponents. Others exponents (Singapore, Philippine) of the pencak silat less performed the sweep action. This is because, the sweep action are have more points than the others action. It was the factor that the team Indonesia is winning for three times. While for the losing result which is when the Indonesia meet the Vietnam are the exponents from Vietnam are performed more action on topple and sweep rather than the exponents from the Indonesia. Others factors that the exponents from Indonesia are lose to the Vietnam is, the exponents from Vietnam are more taller than the contestant from Indonesia. Height of the exponents also can influence the opponents to disadvantage their skill. In Pencak Silat, it show that the leg power of each of the exponents were better than the punch action.

Based on the results of the mean each exponent, the highest mean were 12.25 from exponents Indonesia and follow by the exponents from Philippine which is 11.75. The lowest mean is 6.75 which are from the Singapore. Total of mean from the Indonesia for four matches are 40.75. All the exponents should improve their skill in topple and sweep especially exponent’s from Indonesia.

Therefore, it is important for the contestants to more practice the skill especially the sweep and topple skill. The more they can perform well the action that has a big points, it can contribute to their scoring points. In addition, the exponents also should alert what the weakness of the opponents.

Conclusion

Pencak silat is one of the combative technique or martial arts that include the self-sefense. In pencak silat there are many category for men and women’s for example class c 60kg. The method that had been using for this study can be used to analysis the actions and outcomes of the pencak silat. In pencak silat, the most action that always performed by the exponents are the kicking, sweeping and toppling. The exponents should not focus on this 3 action, but must focus on the other action for example the punch action. Furthermore, the exponent also should observe the opponent weakness, to gain more point.

REFERENCES

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